Careful and frequent brushing with a toothbrush and flossing help to prevent build-up of plaque and calculus, which is believed to lead to cavities. Cavities can be costly, in terms of the monetary cost to drill out the cavities and insert dental fillings, and in terms of the tissue already damaged. Special appliances or tools may be recommended to supplement toothbrushing and flossing.

These include special toothpicks, water irrigation, or other devices. Initially electric toothbrushes were only recommended for persons who have problems with strength or dexterity of their hands, but many dentists are now recommending them to many other patients in order to improve home dental care.